Estonia in figures
Back to EstoniaGeneral government debt in Estonia stood at 3.9% of GDP in 2007, and the IMF projected 41.2% for 2031. Output fell 14.6% in 2009, then shrank again in each year from 2022 to 2024. In 2022 consumer prices climbed 19.4%, the steepest rise in the series. The population ended the series close to its 2000 level but older: people aged 65 or over were 21.8% of it in 2025.
GDP
$47.0 bn
2025
from $5.7 bn in 2000
GDP per person
$34 418
2025
from $4 071 in 2000
Real growth
0.6%
2025
from 10.1% in 2000
Inflation
4.8%
2025
from 4.0% in 2000
Unemployment
8.3%
2025
from 13.4% in 2000
Government debt
24.2%of GDP
2025
from 5.1% in 2000
Sections
Economy
How large Estonia's economy is, how fast it grows and what it is made of
Growth ran between 5.9% and 10.1% a year from 2000 to 2007. Output then fell 5.1% in 2008 and 14.6% in 2009. After 8.2% in 2021, it contracted by 1.2% in 2022, 2.7% in 2023 and 0.1% in 2024 before growing 0.6% in 2025, and the IMF projected growth of 1.4% for 2026. In current dollars GDP went from $5.7 billion in 2000 to $47.0 billion in 2025. The service sector's share of GDP moved from 60.6% in 2000 to 65.8% in 2025, the top of its range. Manufacturing slipped from 15.5% to 10.8% over the same years, and industry with construction from 24.9% to 19.7% after a peak of 26.9% in 2006. Farms, forests and fisheries contributed 1.6% of GDP in 2025.
$47.0 bn2025
Data
| Year | GDP, current US dollars |
|---|---|
| 2025 | $47.0 bn |
| 2024 | $43.1 bn |
| 2023 | $41.5 bn |
| 2022 | $38.2 bn |
| 2021 | $37.2 bn |
| 2020 | $31.8 bn |
| 2019 | $31.9 bn |
| 2018 | $31.2 bn |
| 2017 | $27.5 bn |
| 2016 | $24.6 bn |
| 2015 | $23.3 bn |
| 2014 | $27.1 bn |
| 2013 | $25.5 bn |
| 2012 | $23.2 bn |
| 2011 | $23.3 bn |
| 2010 | $19.5 bn |
| 2009 | $19.6 bn |
| 2008 | $24.3 bn |
| 2007 | $22.5 bn |
| 2006 | $17.0 bn |
| 2005 | $14.1 bn |
| 2004 | $12.1 bn |
| 2003 | $9.9 bn |
| 2002 | $7.4 bn |
| 2001 | $6.3 bn |
| 2000 | $5.7 bn |
Series World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
0.6%2025
Data
| Year | Growth |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | 1.7% |
| 2030 (projection) | 1.7% |
| 2029 (projection) | 2.1% |
| 2028 (projection) | 2.3% |
| 2027 (projection) | 1.9% |
| 2026 (projection) | 1.4% |
| 2025 | 0.6% |
| 2024 | −0.1% |
| 2023 | −2.7% |
| 2022 | −1.2% |
| 2021 | 8.3% |
| 2020 | −2.9% |
| 2019 | 3.7% |
| 2018 | 3.7% |
| 2017 | 5.6% |
| 2016 | 3.1% |
| 2015 | 1.8% |
| 2014 | 3.3% |
| 2013 | 1.8% |
| 2012 | 3.7% |
| 2011 | 7.6% |
| 2010 | 2.5% |
| 2009 | −14.6% |
| 2008 | −5.1% |
| 2007 | 7.6% |
| 2006 | 9.8% |
| 2005 | 9.5% |
| 2004 | 6.8% |
| 2003 | 7.6% |
| 2002 | 6.9% |
| 2001 | 5.9% |
| 2000 | 10.1% |
Series World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG · IMF World Economic Outlook NGDP_RPCH
$34 4182025
At market exchange ratesAt purchasing power parity
Data
| Year | GDP per person | At purchasing power |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $34 418 | $52 106 |
| 2024 | $31 428 | $50 396 |
| 2023 | $30 264 | $48 848 |
| 2022 | $28 340 | $48 030 |
| 2021 | $27 951 | $44 247 |
| 2020 | $23 934 | $40 672 |
| 2019 | $24 021 | $40 586 |
| 2018 | $23 618 | $37 121 |
| 2017 | $20 852 | $34 507 |
| 2016 | $18 666 | $31 948 |
| 2015 | $17 722 | $29 713 |
| 2014 | $20 582 | $29 404 |
| 2013 | $19 310 | $27 831 |
| 2012 | $17 568 | $26 243 |
| 2011 | $17 556 | $24 652 |
| 2010 | $14 664 | $21 614 |
| 2009 | $14 712 | $20 489 |
| 2008 | $18 206 | $22 804 |
| 2007 | $16 745 | $22 201 |
| 2006 | $12 641 | $19 344 |
| 2005 | $10 415 | $16 638 |
| 2004 | $8 916 | $14 538 |
| 2003 | $7 205 | $13 135 |
| 2002 | $5 343 | $11 667 |
| 2001 | $4 503 | $10 309 |
| 2000 | $4 071 | $9 425 |
Series World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD
Manufacturing has its own band and is left out of other industry. The remainder is taxes on products less subsidies, which the national accounts add to reach GDP.
- Services
- Manufacturing
- Other industry and construction
- Agriculture, forestry, fishing
- Taxes less subsidies
Prices and work
What prices and jobs did
Twice the price index jumped: by 10.4% in 2008 and by 19.4% in 2022, with 9.2% following in 2023. Prices fell slightly in 2009, 2014, 2015 and 2020. Unemployment climbed from 4.6% in 2007 to 16.7% in 2010, came down to 4.5% in 2019 and was back at 8.3% by 2025. Youth unemployment, for ages 15 to 24, topped out at 32.9% in 2010.
4.8%2025
Data
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | 2.3% |
| 2030 (projection) | 2.3% |
| 2029 (projection) | 2.3% |
| 2028 (projection) | 2.8% |
| 2027 (projection) | 3.0% |
| 2026 (projection) | 3.8% |
| 2025 | 4.8% |
| 2024 | 3.5% |
| 2023 | 9.2% |
| 2022 | 19.4% |
| 2021 | 4.7% |
| 2020 | −0.4% |
| 2019 | 2.3% |
| 2018 | 3.4% |
| 2017 | 3.4% |
| 2016 | 0.1% |
| 2015 | −0.5% |
| 2014 | −0.1% |
| 2013 | 2.8% |
| 2012 | 3.9% |
| 2011 | 5.0% |
| 2010 | 3.0% |
| 2009 | −0.1% |
| 2008 | 10.4% |
| 2007 | 6.6% |
| 2006 | 4.4% |
| 2005 | 4.1% |
| 2004 | 3.0% |
| 2003 | 1.3% |
| 2002 | 3.6% |
| 2001 | 5.8% |
| 2000 | 4.0% |
Series World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG · IMF World Economic Outlook PCPIPCH
8.3%2025
All agesAges 15 to 24
Data
| Year | Unemployment | Ages 15 to 24 |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 8.3% | 19.7% |
| 2024 | 7.6% | 19.3% |
| 2023 | 6.4% | 17.2% |
| 2022 | 5.6% | 18.4% |
| 2021 | 6.2% | 16.6% |
| 2020 | 7.0% | 18.4% |
| 2019 | 4.5% | 11.6% |
| 2018 | 5.4% | 12.1% |
| 2017 | 5.8% | 12.2% |
| 2016 | 6.9% | 14.1% |
| 2015 | 6.4% | 14.3% |
| 2014 | 7.3% | 15.0% |
| 2013 | 8.6% | 18.7% |
| 2012 | 10.0% | 20.9% |
| 2011 | 12.3% | 22.4% |
| 2010 | 16.7% | 32.9% |
| 2009 | 13.6% | 27.4% |
| 2008 | 5.5% | 12.0% |
| 2007 | 4.6% | 10.1% |
| 2006 | 5.9% | 12.1% |
| 2005 | 8.0% | 15.1% |
| 2004 | 10.3% | 25.6% |
| 2003 | 11.3% | 26.7% |
| 2002 | 10.0% | 20.2% |
| 2001 | 13.1% | 23.9% |
| 2000 | 13.4% | 21.1% |
Series World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS · World Bank SL.UEM.1524.ZS
Trade
How open the economy is
Exports equalled 61.6% of GDP in 2000 and reached 87.4% in 2022, when imports came to 88.3%. The current account deficit was 15.0% of GDP in 2006. By 2025 it was 0.1%. Net inflows of foreign direct investment peaked at 21.7% of GDP in 2005 and were negative in 2024, at −8.0%.
78.4%2025
ExportsImports
Data
| Year | Exports of goods and services | Imports |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 78.4% | 77.4% |
| 2024 | 75.7% | 75.4% |
| 2023 | 77.8% | 76.8% |
| 2022 | 87.4% | 88.3% |
| 2021 | 79.6% | 80.9% |
| 2020 | 68.2% | 69.2% |
| 2019 | 72.0% | 68.3% |
| 2018 | 72.9% | 70.6% |
| 2017 | 74.3% | 70.3% |
| 2016 | 75.5% | 72.3% |
| 2015 | 76.0% | 72.5% |
| 2014 | 80.6% | 77.4% |
| 2013 | 83.5% | 81.2% |
| 2012 | 85.4% | 83.8% |
| 2011 | 86.3% | 80.5% |
| 2010 | 75.0% | 68.6% |
| 2009 | 60.9% | 55.9% |
| 2008 | 66.4% | 70.3% |
| 2007 | 62.6% | 71.4% |
| 2006 | 63.3% | 73.4% |
| 2005 | 65.4% | 70.5% |
| 2004 | 61.1% | 68.9% |
| 2003 | 57.1% | 65.6% |
| 2002 | 57.9% | 65.3% |
| 2001 | 61.3% | 65.3% |
| 2000 | 61.6% | 64.9% |
Series World Bank NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS · World Bank NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS
−0.1%2025
Data
| Year | Current account balance |
|---|---|
| 2025 | −0.1% |
| 2024 | −1.3% |
| 2023 | −1.3% |
| 2022 | −3.1% |
| 2021 | −3.8% |
| 2020 | −2.7% |
| 2019 | 2.0% |
| 2018 | 0.6% |
| 2017 | 1.7% |
| 2016 | 1.0% |
| 2015 | 1.5% |
| 2014 | 0.5% |
| 2013 | −0.1% |
| 2012 | −1.9% |
| 2011 | 1.3% |
| 2010 | 1.7% |
| 2009 | 2.7% |
| 2008 | −8.9% |
| 2007 | −14.8% |
| 2006 | −15.0% |
| 2005 | −8.6% |
| 2004 | −12.0% |
| 2003 | −12.9% |
| 2002 | −10.6% |
| 2001 | −5.2% |
| 2000 | −5.3% |
Series World Bank BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS
−1.8%2025
Data
| Year | Foreign direct investment, net inflows |
|---|---|
| 2025 | −1.8% |
| 2024 | −8.0% |
| 2023 | 12.5% |
| 2022 | 4.5% |
| 2021 | 20.2% |
| 2020 | 12.0% |
| 2019 | 9.8% |
| 2018 | 4.1% |
| 2017 | 6.3% |
| 2016 | 3.8% |
| 2015 | −3.1% |
| 2014 | 6.6% |
| 2013 | 4.3% |
| 2012 | 7.7% |
| 2011 | 4.8% |
| 2010 | 13.3% |
| 2009 | 9.5% |
| 2008 | 8.1% |
| 2007 | 13.5% |
| 2006 | 10.3% |
| 2005 | 21.7% |
| 2004 | 8.9% |
| 2003 | 10.5% |
| 2002 | 4.6% |
| 2001 | 9.5% |
| 2000 | 7.3% |
Series World Bank BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS
Public finances
What the state owes and borrows
Debt was 3.9% of GDP in 2007. By the IMF's estimate it had reached 19.1% in 2020 and 24.2% in 2025, and the IMF projected it to rise in every year to 41.2% in 2031, with a deficit of 4.5% of GDP in both 2026 and 2027. The budget ran a surplus of 2.7% of GDP in 2006 and its widest deficit, 5.4%, in 2020. In 2024 taxes yielded 22.7% of GDP.
24.2%2025
Data
| Year | General government gross debt |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | 41.2% |
| 2030 (projection) | 39.0% |
| 2029 (projection) | 36.6% |
| 2028 (projection) | 34.2% |
| 2027 (projection) | 31.3% |
| 2026 (projection) | 27.8% |
| 2025 | 24.2% |
| 2024 | 23.5% |
| 2023 | 20.2% |
| 2022 | 19.2% |
| 2021 | 18.4% |
| 2020 | 19.1% |
| 2019 | 9.0% |
| 2018 | 8.5% |
| 2017 | 9.4% |
| 2016 | 10.2% |
| 2015 | 10.8% |
| 2014 | 11.6% |
| 2013 | 11.4% |
| 2012 | 11.1% |
| 2011 | 7.6% |
| 2010 | 8.0% |
| 2009 | 8.0% |
| 2008 | 4.7% |
| 2007 | 3.9% |
| 2006 | 4.7% |
| 2005 | 4.7% |
| 2004 | 5.2% |
| 2003 | 5.6% |
| 2002 | 5.7% |
| 2001 | 4.9% |
| 2000 | 5.1% |
Series IMF World Economic Outlook GGXWDG_NGDP
−1.3%2025
Below zero the government borrowed.
Data
| Year | General government net lending or borrowing |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | −3.6% |
| 2030 (projection) | −3.6% |
| 2029 (projection) | −3.6% |
| 2028 (projection) | −4.2% |
| 2027 (projection) | −4.5% |
| 2026 (projection) | −4.5% |
| 2025 | −1.3% |
| 2024 | −1.5% |
| 2023 | −3.1% |
| 2022 | −1.1% |
| 2021 | −2.6% |
| 2020 | −5.4% |
| 2019 | −0.1% |
| 2018 | −1.1% |
| 2017 | −1.1% |
| 2016 | −0.6% |
| 2015 | −0.2% |
| 2014 | 0.4% |
| 2013 | −0.7% |
| 2012 | −0.9% |
| 2011 | 0.1% |
| 2010 | −1.1% |
| 2009 | −3.4% |
| 2008 | −2.9% |
| 2007 | 2.5% |
| 2006 | 2.7% |
| 2005 | 1.1% |
| 2004 | 2.3% |
| 2003 | 1.7% |
| 2002 | 0.3% |
| 2001 | 0.4% |
| 2000 | −0.1% |
Series IMF World Economic Outlook GGXCNL_NGDP
22.7%2024
Data
| Year | Tax revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 22.7% |
| 2023 | 21.4% |
| 2022 | 21.1% |
| 2021 | 21.7% |
| 2020 | 20.7% |
| 2019 | 21.1% |
| 2018 | 20.8% |
| 2017 | 20.9% |
| 2016 | 21.7% |
| 2015 | 21.6% |
| 2014 | 20.7% |
| 2013 | 20.2% |
| 2012 | 20.2% |
| 2011 | 19.4% |
| 2010 | 20.2% |
| 2009 | 21.7% |
| 2008 | 19.4% |
| 2007 | 20.3% |
| 2006 | 20.0% |
| 2005 | 19.1% |
| 2004 | 20.2% |
| 2003 | 19.8% |
| 2002 | 19.6% |
| 2001 | 19.2% |
| 2000 | 19.7% |
Series World Bank GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS
People
Who lives in Estonia
The World Bank's population series fell from 1,396,985 in 2000 to 1,314,545 in 2014 and rose to 1,372,341 in 2024. Net migration was negative in every year to 2014 and positive from 2015 to 2023, adding 39,754 people in 2022; in 2025 it took away 13,350. Fertility dropped to 1.18 births per woman in 2024. Life expectancy at birth climbed from 70.4 years in 2000 to 79.3 in 2024.
1.37 m2025
The axis does not start at zero, so the change looks larger than it is.
Data
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 1.37 m |
| 2024 | 1.37 m |
| 2023 | 1.37 m |
| 2022 | 1.35 m |
| 2021 | 1.33 m |
| 2020 | 1.33 m |
| 2019 | 1.33 m |
| 2018 | 1.32 m |
| 2017 | 1.32 m |
| 2016 | 1.32 m |
| 2015 | 1.32 m |
| 2014 | 1.31 m |
| 2013 | 1.32 m |
| 2012 | 1.32 m |
| 2011 | 1.33 m |
| 2010 | 1.33 m |
| 2009 | 1.33 m |
| 2008 | 1.34 m |
| 2007 | 1.34 m |
| 2006 | 1.35 m |
| 2005 | 1.35 m |
| 2004 | 1.36 m |
| 2003 | 1.37 m |
| 2002 | 1.38 m |
| 2001 | 1.39 m |
| 2000 | 1.40 m |
Series World Bank SP.POP.TOTL
Data
| Year | Aged 0 to 14 | 15 to 64 | 65 and over |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 15.3% | 62.9% | 21.8% |
| 2024 | 15.6% | 63.1% | 21.3% |
| 2023 | 16.0% | 63.1% | 20.9% |
| 2022 | 16.2% | 63.1% | 20.6% |
| 2021 | 16.4% | 63.2% | 20.4% |
| 2020 | 16.4% | 63.4% | 20.2% |
| 2019 | 16.4% | 63.7% | 19.9% |
| 2018 | 16.4% | 64.0% | 19.7% |
| 2017 | 16.3% | 64.3% | 19.5% |
| 2016 | 16.1% | 64.7% | 19.2% |
| 2015 | 16.0% | 65.1% | 18.9% |
| 2014 | 15.9% | 65.5% | 18.6% |
| 2013 | 15.7% | 66.1% | 18.2% |
| 2012 | 15.6% | 66.5% | 17.9% |
| 2011 | 15.4% | 67.0% | 17.6% |
| 2010 | 15.2% | 67.3% | 17.4% |
| 2009 | 15.0% | 67.5% | 17.4% |
| 2008 | 14.9% | 67.7% | 17.4% |
| 2007 | 14.8% | 67.8% | 17.4% |
| 2006 | 15.0% | 68.0% | 17.1% |
| 2005 | 15.2% | 68.1% | 16.7% |
| 2004 | 15.6% | 68.0% | 16.4% |
| 2003 | 16.1% | 67.9% | 16.0% |
| 2002 | 16.6% | 67.7% | 15.7% |
| 2001 | 17.1% | 67.6% | 15.3% |
| 2000 | 17.6% | 67.4% | 15.0% |
Series World Bank SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS · World Bank SP.POP.1564.TO.ZS · World Bank SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS
1.182024
Data
| Year | Births per woman |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 1.18 |
| 2023 | 1.31 |
| 2022 | 1.41 |
| 2021 | 1.61 |
| 2020 | 1.58 |
| 2019 | 1.66 |
| 2018 | 1.67 |
| 2017 | 1.59 |
| 2016 | 1.60 |
| 2015 | 1.58 |
| 2014 | 1.54 |
| 2013 | 1.52 |
| 2012 | 1.56 |
| 2011 | 1.61 |
| 2010 | 1.72 |
| 2009 | 1.70 |
| 2008 | 1.72 |
| 2007 | 1.69 |
| 2006 | 1.58 |
| 2005 | 1.52 |
| 2004 | 1.47 |
| 2003 | 1.37 |
| 2002 | 1.36 |
| 2001 | 1.32 |
| 2000 | 1.36 |
Series World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN
79.3 years2024
Data
| Year | Life expectancy at birth |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 79.3 years |
| 2023 | 78.8 years |
| 2022 | 77.8 years |
| 2021 | 76.9 years |
| 2020 | 78.6 years |
| 2019 | 78.7 years |
| 2018 | 78.2 years |
| 2017 | 78.1 years |
| 2016 | 77.6 years |
| 2015 | 77.6 years |
| 2014 | 77.0 years |
| 2013 | 77.1 years |
| 2012 | 76.3 years |
| 2011 | 76.2 years |
| 2010 | 75.4 years |
| 2009 | 74.8 years |
| 2008 | 73.8 years |
| 2007 | 72.8 years |
| 2006 | 72.7 years |
| 2005 | 72.6 years |
| 2004 | 71.9 years |
| 2003 | 71.3 years |
| 2002 | 70.9 years |
| 2001 | 70.3 years |
| 2000 | 70.4 years |
Series World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN
−13 3502025
People arriving less people leaving, each year. The largest net inflow in the series was 39 754 people, in 2022.
Data
| Year | Net migration |
|---|---|
| 2025 | −13 350 |
| 2024 | −7 742 |
| 2023 | 5 717 |
| 2022 | 39 754 |
| 2021 | 7 043 |
| 2020 | 3 694 |
| 2019 | 5 386 |
| 2018 | 7 089 |
| 2017 | 5 202 |
| 2016 | 1 081 |
| 2015 | 4 261 |
| 2014 | −674 |
| 2013 | −2 688 |
| 2012 | −3 674 |
| 2011 | −3 941 |
| 2010 | −3 781 |
| 2009 | −2 089 |
| 2008 | −2 034 |
| 2007 | −2 941 |
| 2006 | −5 351 |
| 2005 | −5 208 |
| 2004 | −3 681 |
| 2003 | −3 705 |
| 2002 | −2 889 |
| 2001 | −3 280 |
| 2000 | −3 083 |
Series World Bank SM.POP.NETM
Living standards
Health, schooling, the internet and inequality
In 2000, 28.6% of Estonians used the internet; in 2024, 92.2% did. Health spending reached 7.8% of GDP in 2024, and public spending on education was 5.2% in 2022, a little under the 6.0% of 2009. Inequality narrowed: the Gini coefficient came down from 37.2 in 2003 to 30.7 in 2023.
7.8%2024
Data
| Year | Health spending |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 7.8% |
| 2023 | 7.5% |
| 2022 | 6.9% |
| 2021 | 7.5% |
| 2020 | 7.5% |
| 2019 | 6.7% |
| 2018 | 6.6% |
| 2017 | 6.5% |
| 2016 | 6.6% |
| 2015 | 6.5% |
| 2014 | 6.3% |
| 2013 | 6.2% |
| 2012 | 6.0% |
| 2011 | 6.0% |
| 2010 | 6.6% |
| 2009 | 6.8% |
| 2008 | 6.0% |
| 2007 | 5.2% |
| 2006 | 5.0% |
| 2005 | 5.3% |
| 2004 | 5.3% |
| 2003 | 5.1% |
| 2002 | 4.7% |
| 2001 | 4.8% |
| 2000 | 5.2% |
Series World Bank SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS
5.2%2022
Data
| Year | Public spending on education |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 5.2% |
| 2021 | 5.2% |
| 2020 | 5.4% |
| 2019 | 5.2% |
| 2018 | 5.1% |
| 2017 | 4.9% |
| 2016 | 5.1% |
| 2015 | 5.0% |
| 2014 | 4.3% |
| 2013 | 4.8% |
| 2012 | 4.7% |
| 2011 | 5.0% |
| 2010 | 5.5% |
| 2009 | 6.0% |
| 2008 | 5.5% |
| 2007 | 4.6% |
| 2005 | 4.8% |
| 2004 | 4.9% |
| 2003 | 5.3% |
| 2002 | 5.4% |
| 2001 | 5.2% |
| 2000 | 5.3% |
Series World Bank SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS
92.2%2024
Data
| Year | Using the internet |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 92.2% |
| 2023 | 93.2% |
| 2022 | 91.5% |
| 2021 | 91.0% |
| 2020 | 89.1% |
| 2019 | 90.2% |
| 2018 | 89.4% |
| 2017 | 88.1% |
| 2016 | 87.2% |
| 2015 | 88.4% |
| 2014 | 84.2% |
| 2013 | 80.0% |
| 2012 | 78.4% |
| 2011 | 76.5% |
| 2010 | 74.1% |
| 2009 | 72.5% |
| 2008 | 70.6% |
| 2007 | 66.2% |
| 2006 | 63.5% |
| 2005 | 61.5% |
| 2004 | 53.2% |
| 2003 | 45.3% |
| 2002 | 41.5% |
| 2001 | 31.5% |
| 2000 | 28.6% |
Series World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS
30.72023
Data
| Year | Gini coefficient |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 30.7 |
| 2022 | 32.3 |
| 2021 | 31.8 |
| 2020 | 30.7 |
| 2019 | 30.8 |
| 2018 | 30.3 |
| 2017 | 30.4 |
| 2016 | 31.2 |
| 2015 | 32.7 |
| 2014 | 34.6 |
| 2013 | 35.1 |
| 2012 | 32.9 |
| 2011 | 32.5 |
| 2010 | 32.0 |
| 2009 | 31.4 |
| 2008 | 31.9 |
| 2007 | 31.2 |
| 2006 | 33.7 |
| 2005 | 33.4 |
| 2004 | 33.6 |
| 2003 | 37.2 |
| 2002 | 35.8 |
| 2001 | 36.0 |
| 2000 | 35.8 |
Series World Bank SI.POV.GINI
70.7%2025
+3.3 points since 2000, between 67.4% and 70.7% in every year
Data
| Year | Living in towns and cities |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 70.7% |
| 2024 | 70.7% |
| 2023 | 70.7% |
| 2022 | 70.5% |
| 2021 | 70.2% |
| 2020 | 69.9% |
| 2019 | 69.6% |
| 2018 | 69.3% |
| 2017 | 69.0% |
| 2016 | 68.7% |
| 2015 | 68.5% |
| 2014 | 68.3% |
| 2013 | 68.1% |
| 2012 | 68.0% |
| 2011 | 67.9% |
| 2010 | 67.8% |
| 2009 | 67.7% |
| 2008 | 67.7% |
| 2007 | 67.6% |
| 2006 | 67.6% |
| 2005 | 67.5% |
| 2004 | 67.5% |
| 2003 | 67.4% |
| 2002 | 67.4% |
| 2001 | 67.4% |
| 2000 | 67.4% |
Series World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
Energy and environment
Energy, emissions and forest
Just 0.2% of electricity came from renewable sources in 2000. By 2020 the share was 48.9%, and in 2021 it was 40.0%. Carbon dioxide emissions peaked at 17.9 tonnes per person in 2013 and fell to 7.8 tonnes in 2024, while forest spread from 52.8% of the land in 2000 to 57.1% in 2023.
40.0%2021
Data
| Year | Electricity from renewable sources |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 40.0% |
| 2020 | 48.9% |
| 2019 | 28.1% |
| 2018 | 16.1% |
| 2017 | 14.1% |
| 2016 | 13.1% |
| 2015 | 15.4% |
| 2014 | 11.2% |
| 2013 | 9.2% |
| 2012 | 12.3% |
| 2011 | 9.2% |
| 2010 | 8.1% |
| 2009 | 6.2% |
| 2008 | 1.9% |
| 2007 | 1.2% |
| 2006 | 1.3% |
| 2005 | 1.1% |
| 2004 | 0.6% |
| 2003 | 0.5% |
| 2002 | 0.3% |
| 2001 | 0.2% |
| 2000 | 0.2% |
Series World Bank EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS
38.0%2021
Data
| Year | Renewable share of final energy use |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 38.0% |
| 2020 | 40.4% |
| 2019 | 31.3% |
| 2018 | 28.6% |
| 2017 | 27.5% |
| 2016 | 27.2% |
| 2015 | 28.2% |
| 2014 | 25.3% |
| 2013 | 24.5% |
| 2012 | 25.0% |
| 2011 | 25.2% |
| 2010 | 25.3% |
| 2009 | 24.2% |
| 2008 | 20.5% |
| 2007 | 18.6% |
| 2006 | 17.2% |
| 2005 | 18.9% |
| 2004 | 20.0% |
| 2003 | 19.9% |
| 2002 | 19.3% |
| 2001 | 18.9% |
| 2000 | 19.8% |
Series World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS
7.8 t2024
Data
| Year | CO2 emissions per person |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 7.8 t |
| 2023 | 8.4 t |
| 2022 | 11.1 t |
| 2021 | 9.7 t |
| 2020 | 9.1 t |
| 2019 | 11.7 t |
| 2018 | 17.9 t |
| 2017 | 16.7 t |
| 2016 | 15.7 t |
| 2015 | 16.0 t |
| 2014 | 17.3 t |
| 2013 | 17.9 t |
| 2012 | 16.1 t |
| 2011 | 16.8 t |
| 2010 | 16.7 t |
| 2009 | 13.1 t |
| 2008 | 15.6 t |
| 2007 | 17.2 t |
| 2006 | 14.4 t |
| 2005 | 14.8 t |
| 2004 | 14.7 t |
| 2003 | 14.3 t |
| 2002 | 12.7 t |
| 2001 | 13.2 t |
| 2000 | 12.8 t |
Series World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5
57.1%2023
+4.3 points since 2000, between 52.8% and 57.1% in every year
Data
| Year | Forest cover |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 57.1% |
| 2022 | 57.1% |
| 2021 | 57.0% |
| 2020 | 57.0% |
| 2019 | 57.0% |
| 2018 | 57.0% |
| 2017 | 57.0% |
| 2016 | 55.7% |
| 2015 | 55.7% |
| 2014 | 55.3% |
| 2013 | 54.9% |
| 2012 | 55.9% |
| 2011 | 55.5% |
| 2010 | 55.1% |
| 2009 | 54.9% |
| 2008 | 54.6% |
| 2007 | 54.4% |
| 2006 | 54.2% |
| 2005 | 54.0% |
| 2004 | 53.7% |
| 2003 | 53.5% |
| 2002 | 53.3% |
| 2001 | 53.0% |
| 2000 | 52.8% |
Series World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Codes
Estonia's codes and memberships
The state
- Status
- Sovereign state
- State since
- 1918
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- Official language
- Estonian
- United Nations
- Member
Identifiers
- Calling code
- +372
- Internet domain
- .ee
- Time zone
- UTC+02:00
Memberships
Also a member, joining year not on record
- CBSSCouncil of the Baltic Sea States
- Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe
- EEAEuropean Economic Area
- EurozoneEurozone
- NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization
- OECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- OSCEOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
- Three SeasThree Seas Initiative
- UfMUnion for the Mediterranean
Questions
Questions about Estonia in figures
How large is Estonia's economy?
Measured in current US dollars, Estonia's output came to $47.0 billion in 2025, or $34,418 a head, on World Bank figures. Adjusted for purchasing power, the per-person figure for 2025 rises to $52,106.
Is Estonia's economy growing again?
Narrowly. After contracting by 1.2% in 2022, 2.7% in 2023 and 0.1% in 2024, real output grew 0.6% in 2025, according to the World Bank, and the IMF projected 1.4% for 2026 and 1.9% for 2027.
How high was inflation in Estonia in 2022?
Consumer prices in Estonia rose 19.4% in 2022, according to the World Bank, the highest rate since 2000. The rate eased to 9.2% in 2023 and 3.5% in 2024 before picking up to 4.8% in 2025; the IMF's projection for 2026 was 3.8%.
How much debt does the Estonian government have?
By the IMF's estimate, Estonia's gross government debt reached 24.2% of GDP in 2025, up from 3.9% in 2007. Its projections reach 27.8% for 2026 and 41.2% for 2031.
What is the population of Estonia?
The World Bank put Estonia's population at 1,366,475 in 2025.
How long do people live in Estonia?
A child born in Estonia in 2024 could expect to live 79.3 years, by the World Bank's figures, against 70.4 years for one born in 2000. By 2025, 21.8% of residents were 65 or older.
Record generated 2026-08-31, series 2026-09-27 · Q191 · World Bank data · Europe