Romania in figures
Back to RomaniaRomania's public debt climbed from 12.4% of GDP in 2007 to 60.6% in 2025, and the IMF projected 70.4% for 2031. The government spent more than it raised in every year of the series. The population shrank from 22,442,971 in 2000 to 19,020,271 in 2025, and more people left than arrived in every year but 2022.
GDP
$428.7 bn
2025
from $37.3 bn in 2000
GDP per person
$22 538
2025
from $1 660 in 2000
Real growth
0.7%
2025
from 2.5% in 2000
Inflation
7.2%
2025
from 45.7% in 2000
Unemployment
6.0%
2025
from 7.0% in 2000
Government debt
60.6%of GDP
2025
from 29.6% in 2000
Sections
Economy
How large Romania's economy is, how fast it grows and what it is made of
Real growth reached 10.4% in 2004 and 9.3% in 2008, then turned to contractions of 5.5% in 2009 and 3.9% in 2010. Output fell 3.6% in 2020. Growth slowed to 0.9% in 2024 and 0.7% in 2025, and the IMF projected 0.7% for 2026 before 2.5% in 2027. In current dollars GDP went from $37.3 billion in 2000 to $428.7 billion in 2025, and at purchasing power parity output per person was $50,895 in 2025. Services made up 61.7% of GDP in 2025, against 49.2% in 2000 and a low of 42.3% in 2011. In 2011 industry peaked at 40.2% and manufacturing at 25.9%; by 2025 they had fallen to 25.3% and 11.8%. Agriculture, forestry and fishing went from 10.8% of GDP in 2000 to 3.0% in 2025.
$428.7 bn2025
Data
| Year | GDP, current US dollars |
|---|---|
| 2025 | $428.7 bn |
| 2024 | $382.6 bn |
| 2023 | $347.8 bn |
| 2022 | $295.3 bn |
| 2021 | $285.1 bn |
| 2020 | $250.6 bn |
| 2019 | $250.1 bn |
| 2018 | $241.8 bn |
| 2017 | $210.1 bn |
| 2016 | $185.3 bn |
| 2015 | $177.9 bn |
| 2014 | $199.7 bn |
| 2013 | $189.8 bn |
| 2012 | $179.1 bn |
| 2011 | $192.6 bn |
| 2010 | $170.1 bn |
| 2009 | $174.1 bn |
| 2008 | $214.3 bn |
| 2007 | $174.6 bn |
| 2006 | $122.0 bn |
| 2005 | $98.5 bn |
| 2004 | $75.0 bn |
| 2003 | $57.8 bn |
| 2002 | $46.1 bn |
| 2001 | $40.4 bn |
| 2000 | $37.3 bn |
Series World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
0.7%2025
Data
| Year | Growth |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | 3.1% |
| 2030 (projection) | 3.1% |
| 2029 (projection) | 2.9% |
| 2028 (projection) | 2.7% |
| 2027 (projection) | 2.5% |
| 2026 (projection) | 0.7% |
| 2025 | 0.7% |
| 2024 | 0.9% |
| 2023 | 2.3% |
| 2022 | 4.2% |
| 2021 | 5.6% |
| 2020 | −3.6% |
| 2019 | 4.0% |
| 2018 | 5.4% |
| 2017 | 8.2% |
| 2016 | 2.9% |
| 2015 | 3.2% |
| 2014 | 4.1% |
| 2013 | 0.3% |
| 2012 | 1.9% |
| 2011 | 4.5% |
| 2010 | −3.9% |
| 2009 | −5.5% |
| 2008 | 9.3% |
| 2007 | 7.2% |
| 2006 | 8.0% |
| 2005 | 4.7% |
| 2004 | 10.4% |
| 2003 | 2.3% |
| 2002 | 5.7% |
| 2001 | 5.2% |
| 2000 | 2.5% |
Series World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG · IMF World Economic Outlook NGDP_RPCH
$22 5382025
At market exchange ratesAt purchasing power parity
Data
| Year | GDP per person | At purchasing power |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $22 538 | $50 895 |
| 2024 | $20 080 | $49 077 |
| 2023 | $18 244 | $45 982 |
| 2022 | $15 503 | $41 979 |
| 2021 | $14 908 | $37 534 |
| 2020 | $13 009 | $34 194 |
| 2019 | $12 910 | $33 425 |
| 2018 | $12 416 | $29 383 |
| 2017 | $10 728 | $26 943 |
| 2016 | $9 405 | $23 905 |
| 2015 | $8 977 | $21 625 |
| 2014 | $10 032 | $20 633 |
| 2013 | $9 498 | $19 678 |
| 2012 | $8 930 | $19 807 |
| 2011 | $9 561 | $18 804 |
| 2010 | $8 400 | $17 355 |
| 2009 | $8 548 | $16 641 |
| 2008 | $10 435 | $16 782 |
| 2007 | $8 360 | $13 703 |
| 2006 | $5 758 | $11 554 |
| 2005 | $4 618 | $9 602 |
| 2004 | $3 495 | $8 989 |
| 2003 | $2 679 | $7 559 |
| 2002 | $2 120 | $7 162 |
| 2001 | $1 825 | $6 520 |
| 2000 | $1 660 | $5 850 |
Series World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD
Manufacturing has its own band and is left out of other industry. The remainder is taxes on products less subsidies, which the national accounts add to reach GDP.
- Services
- Manufacturing
- Other industry and construction
- Agriculture, forestry, fishing
- Taxes less subsidies
Prices and work
What prices and jobs did
In 2000 prices climbed 45.7%, and the rate came down in every year to 4.8% in 2007. Prices fell in 2015 and 2016, by 1.5% in the second year. Inflation returned to 13.8% in 2022 and was still 7.2% in 2025, when the IMF projected 7.8% for 2026. Unemployment bottomed at 3.9% in 2019. Youth unemployment, for ages 15 to 24, climbed to 24.5% in 2025, its peak since 2000.
7.2%2025
Data
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | 2.5% |
| 2030 (projection) | 2.8% |
| 2029 (projection) | 3.0% |
| 2028 (projection) | 4.3% |
| 2027 (projection) | 3.9% |
| 2026 (projection) | 7.8% |
| 2025 | 7.2% |
| 2024 | 5.7% |
| 2023 | 10.4% |
| 2022 | 13.8% |
| 2021 | 5.0% |
| 2020 | 2.6% |
| 2019 | 3.8% |
| 2018 | 4.6% |
| 2017 | 1.3% |
| 2016 | −1.5% |
| 2015 | −0.6% |
| 2014 | 1.1% |
| 2013 | 4.0% |
| 2012 | 3.3% |
| 2011 | 5.8% |
| 2010 | 6.1% |
| 2009 | 5.6% |
| 2008 | 7.8% |
| 2007 | 4.8% |
| 2006 | 6.6% |
| 2005 | 9.0% |
| 2004 | 11.9% |
| 2003 | 15.3% |
| 2002 | 22.5% |
| 2001 | 34.5% |
| 2000 | 45.7% |
Series World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG · IMF World Economic Outlook PCPIPCH
6.0%2025
All agesAges 15 to 24
Data
| Year | Unemployment | Ages 15 to 24 |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 6.0% | 24.5% |
| 2024 | 5.4% | 23.6% |
| 2023 | 5.6% | 21.7% |
| 2022 | 5.6% | 22.9% |
| 2021 | 5.6% | 21.1% |
| 2020 | 5.0% | 17.6% |
| 2019 | 3.9% | 17.1% |
| 2018 | 4.2% | 16.6% |
| 2017 | 4.9% | 18.7% |
| 2016 | 5.9% | 21.0% |
| 2015 | 6.8% | 22.0% |
| 2014 | 6.8% | 24.4% |
| 2013 | 7.1% | 24.0% |
| 2012 | 6.8% | 22.8% |
| 2011 | 7.2% | 24.1% |
| 2010 | 7.0% | 22.2% |
| 2009 | 6.9% | 21.4% |
| 2008 | 5.8% | 19.2% |
| 2007 | 6.4% | 20.6% |
| 2006 | 7.3% | 21.8% |
| 2005 | 7.2% | 20.6% |
| 2004 | 7.7% | 23.2% |
| 2003 | 7.0% | 19.7% |
| 2002 | 8.1% | 22.7% |
| 2001 | 6.6% | 17.8% |
| 2000 | 7.0% | 17.9% |
Series World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS · World Bank SL.UEM.1524.ZS
Trade
How open the economy is
Imports exceeded exports in every year. Exports rose from 21.6% of GDP in 2000 to 43.5% in 2022 and eased to 35.5% in 2025, while imports, 26.9% of GDP in 2000, reached 50.4% in 2022 and were 40.7% in 2025. The current account deficit was widest at 13.7% of GDP in 2007 and narrowest at 0.3% in 2014. Foreign direct investment peaked at 9.0% of GDP in 2006.
35.5%2025
ExportsImports
Data
| Year | Exports of goods and services | Imports |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 35.5% | 40.7% |
| 2024 | 35.6% | 41.6% |
| 2023 | 39.2% | 44.1% |
| 2022 | 43.5% | 50.4% |
| 2021 | 40.7% | 46.4% |
| 2020 | 37.0% | 41.4% |
| 2019 | 40.3% | 44.6% |
| 2018 | 41.8% | 45.3% |
| 2017 | 42.3% | 44.8% |
| 2016 | 42.4% | 43.5% |
| 2015 | 41.4% | 42.2% |
| 2014 | 41.5% | 41.9% |
| 2013 | 40.3% | 41.1% |
| 2012 | 35.7% | 40.9% |
| 2011 | 35.2% | 41.0% |
| 2010 | 31.6% | 38.3% |
| 2009 | 26.0% | 32.5% |
| 2008 | 26.2% | 39.0% |
| 2007 | 24.7% | 38.8% |
| 2006 | 24.8% | 36.9% |
| 2005 | 24.5% | 34.8% |
| 2004 | 25.7% | 34.9% |
| 2003 | 24.2% | 32.0% |
| 2002 | 24.0% | 29.7% |
| 2001 | 22.1% | 29.8% |
| 2000 | 21.6% | 26.9% |
Series World Bank NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS · World Bank NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS
−7.9%2025
Data
| Year | Current account balance |
|---|---|
| 2025 | −7.9% |
| 2024 | −8.2% |
| 2023 | −7.0% |
| 2022 | −9.3% |
| 2021 | −7.2% |
| 2020 | −5.1% |
| 2019 | −4.9% |
| 2018 | −4.6% |
| 2017 | −3.2% |
| 2016 | −2.1% |
| 2015 | −0.6% |
| 2014 | −0.3% |
| 2013 | −1.1% |
| 2012 | −4.6% |
| 2011 | −4.8% |
| 2010 | −5.0% |
| 2009 | −4.7% |
| 2008 | −11.7% |
| 2007 | −13.7% |
| 2006 | −10.7% |
| 2005 | −8.7% |
| 2004 | −8.5% |
| 2003 | −5.7% |
| 2002 | −3.3% |
| 2001 | −5.5% |
| 2000 | −3.6% |
Series World Bank BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS
2.2%2025
Data
| Year | Foreign direct investment, net inflows |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 2.2% |
| 2024 | 1.9% |
| 2023 | 2.5% |
| 2022 | 3.9% |
| 2021 | 4.1% |
| 2020 | 1.4% |
| 2019 | 3.0% |
| 2018 | 3.0% |
| 2017 | 2.8% |
| 2016 | 3.4% |
| 2015 | 2.4% |
| 2014 | 1.9% |
| 2013 | 2.0% |
| 2012 | 1.7% |
| 2011 | 1.2% |
| 2010 | 1.9% |
| 2009 | 2.7% |
| 2008 | 6.4% |
| 2007 | 5.8% |
| 2006 | 9.0% |
| 2005 | 6.6% |
| 2004 | 8.6% |
| 2003 | 3.2% |
| 2002 | 2.5% |
| 2001 | 2.9% |
| 2000 | 2.8% |
Series World Bank BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS
Public finances
What the state owes and borrows
Gross debt stood at 29.6% of GDP in 2000 and fell to 12.4% in 2007, then reached 40.5% in 2014, eased to 36.4% in 2018 and jumped to 49.5% in 2020. No year came higher than 2025, at 60.6%. The budget never balanced. Net borrowing peaked at 9.6% of GDP in 2020 and was 8.7% in 2024, and the IMF projected 5.2% for 2031. Tax revenue came to 16.2% of GDP in 2024.
60.6%2025
Data
| Year | General government gross debt |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | 70.4% |
| 2030 (projection) | 68.8% |
| 2029 (projection) | 67.3% |
| 2028 (projection) | 65.3% |
| 2027 (projection) | 63.9% |
| 2026 (projection) | 61.9% |
| 2025 | 60.6% |
| 2024 | 57.5% |
| 2023 | 52.6% |
| 2022 | 51.9% |
| 2021 | 51.8% |
| 2020 | 49.5% |
| 2019 | 36.8% |
| 2018 | 36.4% |
| 2017 | 37.1% |
| 2016 | 39.5% |
| 2015 | 39.4% |
| 2014 | 40.5% |
| 2013 | 39.3% |
| 2012 | 36.2% |
| 2011 | 32.6% |
| 2010 | 30.2% |
| 2009 | 22.5% |
| 2008 | 13.0% |
| 2007 | 12.4% |
| 2006 | 12.7% |
| 2005 | 17.8% |
| 2004 | 21.3% |
| 2003 | 24.9% |
| 2002 | 27.4% |
| 2001 | 27.4% |
| 2000 | 29.6% |
Series IMF World Economic Outlook GGXWDG_NGDP
−7.6%2025
Below zero the government borrowed.
Data
| Year | General government net lending or borrowing |
|---|---|
| 2031 (projection) | −5.2% |
| 2030 (projection) | −5.4% |
| 2029 (projection) | −5.6% |
| 2028 (projection) | −5.7% |
| 2027 (projection) | −5.8% |
| 2026 (projection) | −6.2% |
| 2025 | −7.6% |
| 2024 | −8.7% |
| 2023 | −5.7% |
| 2022 | −5.9% |
| 2021 | −6.7% |
| 2020 | −9.6% |
| 2019 | −4.6% |
| 2018 | −2.8% |
| 2017 | −2.9% |
| 2016 | −2.5% |
| 2015 | −1.3% |
| 2014 | −1.8% |
| 2013 | −2.4% |
| 2012 | −2.4% |
| 2011 | −4.1% |
| 2010 | −6.2% |
| 2009 | −6.9% |
| 2008 | −4.6% |
| 2007 | −3.0% |
| 2006 | −1.4% |
| 2005 | −0.7% |
| 2004 | −3.4% |
| 2003 | −2.3% |
| 2002 | −2.6% |
| 2001 | −3.2% |
| 2000 | −4.0% |
Series IMF World Economic Outlook GGXCNL_NGDP
16.2%2024
Data
| Year | Tax revenue |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 16.2% |
| 2023 | 15.7% |
| 2022 | 16.5% |
| 2021 | 15.0% |
| 2020 | 14.3% |
| 2019 | 14.6% |
| 2018 | 14.5% |
| 2017 | 15.6% |
| 2016 | 17.1% |
| 2015 | 18.9% |
| 2014 | 17.9% |
| 2013 | 17.8% |
| 2012 | 17.1% |
| 2011 | 17.2% |
| 2010 | 16.2% |
| 2009 | 15.3% |
| 2008 | 16.8% |
| 2007 | 17.5% |
| 2006 | 17.9% |
| 2005 | 17.5% |
| 2004 | 17.4% |
| 2003 | 17.8% |
| 2002 | 16.5% |
| 2001 | 16.6% |
| 2000 | 18.0% |
Series World Bank GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS
People
Who lives in Romania
The World Bank's population estimate fell in every year except 2023. Net migration was negative in each year but 2022, when it added 89,076 people, and the largest outflow was 144,368 in 2008. Deaths always outnumbered births. In 2024 the rates were 12.8 and 7.5 per 1,000 people. The share aged 65 or over rose from 13.5% in 2000 to 20.1% in 2025, while life expectancy reached 76.5 years in 2024 after 71.2 years in 2000.
19.02 m2025
The axis does not start at zero, so the change looks larger than it is.
Data
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 19.02 m |
| 2024 | 19.05 m |
| 2023 | 19.06 m |
| 2022 | 19.05 m |
| 2021 | 19.12 m |
| 2020 | 19.27 m |
| 2019 | 19.37 m |
| 2018 | 19.47 m |
| 2017 | 19.59 m |
| 2016 | 19.70 m |
| 2015 | 19.82 m |
| 2014 | 19.91 m |
| 2013 | 19.98 m |
| 2012 | 20.06 m |
| 2011 | 20.15 m |
| 2010 | 20.25 m |
| 2009 | 20.37 m |
| 2008 | 20.54 m |
| 2007 | 20.88 m |
| 2006 | 21.19 m |
| 2005 | 21.32 m |
| 2004 | 21.45 m |
| 2003 | 21.57 m |
| 2002 | 21.73 m |
| 2001 | 22.13 m |
| 2000 | 22.44 m |
Series World Bank SP.POP.TOTL
Data
| Year | Aged 0 to 14 | 15 to 64 | 65 and over |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 15.6% | 64.3% | 20.1% |
| 2024 | 15.7% | 64.3% | 20.0% |
| 2023 | 15.9% | 64.4% | 19.8% |
| 2022 | 16.0% | 64.5% | 19.5% |
| 2021 | 16.1% | 64.6% | 19.3% |
| 2020 | 16.1% | 64.9% | 19.0% |
| 2019 | 16.0% | 65.3% | 18.6% |
| 2018 | 15.9% | 65.8% | 18.3% |
| 2017 | 15.8% | 66.3% | 17.9% |
| 2016 | 15.7% | 66.7% | 17.6% |
| 2015 | 15.7% | 67.1% | 17.2% |
| 2014 | 15.7% | 67.5% | 16.8% |
| 2013 | 15.7% | 67.8% | 16.5% |
| 2012 | 15.8% | 68.0% | 16.3% |
| 2011 | 15.8% | 68.2% | 16.1% |
| 2010 | 15.8% | 68.4% | 15.8% |
| 2009 | 15.7% | 68.7% | 15.6% |
| 2008 | 15.7% | 68.9% | 15.4% |
| 2007 | 15.7% | 69.0% | 15.3% |
| 2006 | 15.8% | 69.1% | 15.1% |
| 2005 | 16.0% | 69.1% | 14.9% |
| 2004 | 16.4% | 68.9% | 14.7% |
| 2003 | 16.9% | 68.7% | 14.4% |
| 2002 | 17.5% | 68.4% | 14.1% |
| 2001 | 18.1% | 68.1% | 13.8% |
| 2000 | 18.6% | 67.9% | 13.5% |
Series World Bank SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS · World Bank SP.POP.1564.TO.ZS · World Bank SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS
1.392024
Data
| Year | Births per woman |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 1.39 |
| 2023 | 1.54 |
| 2022 | 1.71 |
| 2021 | 1.81 |
| 2020 | 1.80 |
| 2019 | 1.77 |
| 2018 | 1.76 |
| 2017 | 1.78 |
| 2016 | 1.69 |
| 2015 | 1.62 |
| 2014 | 1.56 |
| 2013 | 1.46 |
| 2012 | 1.52 |
| 2011 | 1.47 |
| 2010 | 1.59 |
| 2009 | 1.66 |
| 2008 | 1.60 |
| 2007 | 1.45 |
| 2006 | 1.42 |
| 2005 | 1.40 |
| 2004 | 1.33 |
| 2003 | 1.30 |
| 2002 | 1.27 |
| 2001 | 1.27 |
| 2000 | 1.31 |
Series World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN
76.5 years2024
Data
| Year | Life expectancy at birth |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 76.5 years |
| 2023 | 76.4 years |
| 2022 | 75.2 years |
| 2021 | 72.8 years |
| 2020 | 74.3 years |
| 2019 | 75.6 years |
| 2018 | 75.4 years |
| 2017 | 75.2 years |
| 2016 | 75.2 years |
| 2015 | 74.9 years |
| 2014 | 74.9 years |
| 2013 | 75.1 years |
| 2012 | 74.4 years |
| 2011 | 74.4 years |
| 2010 | 73.5 years |
| 2009 | 73.3 years |
| 2008 | 72.6 years |
| 2007 | 72.6 years |
| 2006 | 72.2 years |
| 2005 | 71.9 years |
| 2004 | 71.6 years |
| 2003 | 71.3 years |
| 2002 | 71.0 years |
| 2001 | 71.2 years |
| 2000 | 71.2 years |
Series World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN
−29 0412025
People arriving less people leaving, each year. The largest net inflow in the series was 89 076 people, in 2022.
Data
| Year | Net migration |
|---|---|
| 2025 | −29 041 |
| 2024 | −28 466 |
| 2023 | −27 780 |
| 2022 | 89 076 |
| 2021 | −17 731 |
| 2020 | −13 202 |
| 2019 | −27 909 |
| 2018 | −33 018 |
| 2017 | −33 081 |
| 2016 | −33 073 |
| 2015 | −35 751 |
| 2014 | −35 448 |
| 2013 | −34 910 |
| 2012 | −37 589 |
| 2011 | −102 769 |
| 2010 | −122 364 |
| 2009 | −137 953 |
| 2008 | −144 368 |
| 2007 | −133 089 |
| 2006 | −132 777 |
| 2005 | −131 176 |
| 2004 | −117 432 |
| 2003 | −107 139 |
| 2002 | −106 585 |
| 2001 | −91 154 |
| 2000 | −92 451 |
Series World Bank SM.POP.NETM
Living standards
Health, schooling, the internet and inequality
Internet use went from 3.6% of people in 2000 to 91.3% in 2024. The Gini coefficient peaked at 39.6 in 2006 and was 29.8 in 2023, close to the 29.3 of 2000. Health spending reached 6.5% of GDP in 2021 and was 5.7% in 2023. Public spending on education was 3.3% of GDP in 2022, below the 4.3% of 2006.
5.7%2023
Data
| Year | Health spending |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 5.7% |
| 2022 | 5.8% |
| 2021 | 6.5% |
| 2020 | 6.2% |
| 2019 | 5.7% |
| 2018 | 5.5% |
| 2017 | 5.2% |
| 2016 | 5.1% |
| 2015 | 4.9% |
| 2014 | 5.0% |
| 2013 | 5.2% |
| 2012 | 4.5% |
| 2011 | 4.5% |
| 2010 | 5.6% |
| 2009 | 5.3% |
| 2008 | 5.0% |
| 2007 | 5.0% |
| 2006 | 5.1% |
| 2005 | 5.5% |
| 2004 | 5.5% |
| 2003 | 5.4% |
| 2002 | 4.6% |
| 2001 | 4.4% |
| 2000 | 4.2% |
Series World Bank SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS
3.3%2022
Data
| Year | Public spending on education |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 3.3% |
| 2021 | 3.3% |
| 2020 | 3.6% |
| 2019 | 3.6% |
| 2018 | 3.3% |
| 2017 | 3.1% |
| 2016 | 3.0% |
| 2015 | 3.1% |
| 2014 | 3.1% |
| 2013 | 3.1% |
| 2012 | 2.8% |
| 2011 | 2.9% |
| 2010 | 3.4% |
| 2009 | 4.0% |
| 2008 | 4.1% |
| 2007 | 4.2% |
| 2006 | 4.3% |
| 2005 | 3.5% |
| 2004 | 3.3% |
| 2003 | 3.5% |
| 2002 | 3.5% |
| 2001 | 3.3% |
| 2000 | 2.9% |
Series World Bank SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS
91.3%2024
Data
| Year | Using the internet |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 91.3% |
| 2023 | 89.2% |
| 2022 | 85.5% |
| 2021 | 83.6% |
| 2020 | 78.5% |
| 2019 | 73.7% |
| 2018 | 70.7% |
| 2017 | 63.8% |
| 2016 | 59.5% |
| 2015 | 55.8% |
| 2014 | 54.1% |
| 2013 | 49.8% |
| 2012 | 45.9% |
| 2011 | 40.0% |
| 2010 | 39.9% |
| 2009 | 36.6% |
| 2008 | 32.4% |
| 2007 | 28.3% |
| 2006 | 24.7% |
| 2005 | 21.5% |
| 2004 | 15.0% |
| 2003 | 8.9% |
| 2002 | 6.6% |
| 2001 | 4.5% |
| 2000 | 3.6% |
Series World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS
29.82023
Data
| Year | Gini coefficient |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 29.8 |
| 2022 | 32.3 |
| 2021 | 33.9 |
| 2020 | 34.6 |
| 2019 | 34.8 |
| 2018 | 35.8 |
| 2017 | 36.0 |
| 2016 | 34.4 |
| 2015 | 35.9 |
| 2014 | 36.0 |
| 2013 | 36.9 |
| 2012 | 36.5 |
| 2011 | 35.9 |
| 2010 | 35.5 |
| 2009 | 35.6 |
| 2008 | 36.4 |
| 2007 | 37.5 |
| 2006 | 39.6 |
| 2005 | 29.8 |
| 2004 | 30.0 |
| 2003 | 29.9 |
| 2002 | 30.2 |
| 2001 | 29.4 |
| 2000 | 29.3 |
Series World Bank SI.POV.GINI
52.2%2025
−0.7 points since 2000, between 52.2% and 54.0% in every year
Data
| Year | Living in towns and cities |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 52.2% |
| 2024 | 52.2% |
| 2023 | 52.2% |
| 2022 | 52.2% |
| 2021 | 52.2% |
| 2020 | 52.6% |
| 2019 | 52.9% |
| 2018 | 53.1% |
| 2017 | 53.4% |
| 2016 | 53.5% |
| 2015 | 53.7% |
| 2014 | 53.8% |
| 2013 | 53.9% |
| 2012 | 54.0% |
| 2011 | 54.0% |
| 2010 | 53.9% |
| 2009 | 53.8% |
| 2008 | 53.6% |
| 2007 | 53.5% |
| 2006 | 53.3% |
| 2005 | 53.1% |
| 2004 | 52.9% |
| 2003 | 52.8% |
| 2002 | 52.8% |
| 2001 | 52.8% |
| 2000 | 52.9% |
Series World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
Energy and environment
Energy, emissions and forest
Renewable sources generated 44.9% of electricity in 2021, up from 28.5% in 2000, and covered 23.6% of final energy use that year. Carbon dioxide emissions per person peaked at 5.2 tonnes in 2006 and were 3.7 tonnes in 2024. Forest cover rose from 27.7% of the land in 2000 to 30.1% in 2023.
44.9%2021
Data
| Year | Electricity from renewable sources |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 44.9% |
| 2020 | 44.6% |
| 2019 | 42.0% |
| 2018 | 41.0% |
| 2017 | 38.3% |
| 2016 | 42.2% |
| 2015 | 40.1% |
| 2014 | 42.0% |
| 2013 | 34.8% |
| 2012 | 25.7% |
| 2011 | 26.6% |
| 2010 | 33.9% |
| 2009 | 27.3% |
| 2008 | 26.5% |
| 2007 | 25.9% |
| 2006 | 29.3% |
| 2005 | 34.0% |
| 2004 | 29.2% |
| 2003 | 24.1% |
| 2002 | 29.3% |
| 2001 | 27.7% |
| 2000 | 28.5% |
Series World Bank EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS
23.6%2021
Data
| Year | Renewable share of final energy use |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 23.6% |
| 2020 | 24.1% |
| 2019 | 23.5% |
| 2018 | 23.0% |
| 2017 | 23.4% |
| 2016 | 24.4% |
| 2015 | 23.7% |
| 2014 | 24.3% |
| 2013 | 23.1% |
| 2012 | 21.5% |
| 2011 | 21.1% |
| 2010 | 24.1% |
| 2009 | 22.1% |
| 2008 | 20.4% |
| 2007 | 18.2% |
| 2006 | 17.4% |
| 2005 | 18.5% |
| 2004 | 17.3% |
| 2003 | 15.7% |
| 2002 | 14.4% |
| 2001 | 13.4% |
| 2000 | 16.4% |
Series World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS
3.7 t2024
Data
| Year | CO2 emissions per person |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 3.7 t |
| 2023 | 3.7 t |
| 2022 | 4.0 t |
| 2021 | 4.2 t |
| 2020 | 3.9 t |
| 2019 | 4.2 t |
| 2018 | 4.3 t |
| 2017 | 4.2 t |
| 2016 | 4.0 t |
| 2015 | 4.0 t |
| 2014 | 4.0 t |
| 2013 | 4.0 t |
| 2012 | 4.4 t |
| 2011 | 4.5 t |
| 2010 | 4.1 t |
| 2009 | 4.2 t |
| 2008 | 5.1 t |
| 2007 | 5.1 t |
| 2006 | 5.2 t |
| 2005 | 4.9 t |
| 2004 | 4.9 t |
| 2003 | 5.0 t |
| 2002 | 4.8 t |
| 2001 | 4.7 t |
| 2000 | 4.3 t |
Series World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5
30.1%2023
+2.4 points since 2000, between 27.7% and 30.1% in every year
Data
| Year | Forest cover |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 30.1% |
| 2022 | 30.1% |
| 2021 | 30.1% |
| 2020 | 30.1% |
| 2019 | 30.1% |
| 2018 | 30.1% |
| 2017 | 30.1% |
| 2016 | 30.1% |
| 2015 | 30.0% |
| 2014 | 29.7% |
| 2013 | 29.3% |
| 2012 | 29.0% |
| 2011 | 28.6% |
| 2010 | 28.3% |
| 2009 | 28.3% |
| 2008 | 28.2% |
| 2007 | 28.1% |
| 2006 | 28.1% |
| 2005 | 28.0% |
| 2004 | 27.9% |
| 2003 | 27.9% |
| 2002 | 27.8% |
| 2001 | 27.8% |
| 2000 | 27.7% |
Series World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS
Codes
Romania's codes and memberships
The state
- Status
- Sovereign state
- State since
- 1859
- Government
- semi-presidential system, unitary state
- Official language
- Romanian
- United Nations
- Member
Identifiers
- Calling code
- +40
- Internet domain
- .ro
- Time zone
- UTC+02:00
Memberships
- 1993FrancophonieOrganisation internationale de la Francophonie
- 1993Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe
- 1995WTOWorld Trade Organization
- 2007EUEuropean Union
- 2024SchengenSchengen Area
Also a member, joining year not on record
Questions
Questions about Romania in figures
What is Romania's GDP?
Romania's GDP was $428.7 billion in 2025 in current US dollars, according to the World Bank, up from $37.3 billion in 2000. GDP per person was $22,538 in 2025, or $50,895 at purchasing power parity.
Is Romania's economy still growing?
Real GDP grew 0.7% in 2025 and 0.9% in 2024, the World Bank reports, after 8.2% in 2017. For 2026 the IMF projected 0.7%, then 2.5% for 2027 and 3.1% for 2031.
How high is inflation in Romania?
Romanian inflation stood at 7.2% in 2025 by the World Bank's measure, after 5.7% in 2024 and 13.8% in 2022, and the IMF projected 7.8% for 2026 before 2.5% in 2031.
How much does the Romanian government borrow?
The IMF put general government net borrowing at 7.6% of GDP in 2025 and 8.7% in 2024, and projected 6.2% for 2026 and 5.2% for 2031. By the IMF's estimate gross debt reached 60.6% of GDP in 2025, and it projected 70.4% for 2031.
How many people live in Romania?
The World Bank estimated Romania's population at 19,020,271 in 2025, down from 22,442,971 in 2000.
Do more people leave Romania than arrive?
In the World Bank's series, net migration took away 29,041 people in 2025 and 28,466 in 2024. The outflow was largest in 2008, at 144,368, and 2022 was the only year since 2000 with a net inflow, of 89,076 people.
Record generated 2026-08-31, series 2026-09-27 · Q218 · World Bank data · Europe