Bosnia and Herzegovina in figures

More people left Bosnia and Herzegovina than arrived in every year from 2002 on, and the World Bank's population estimate fell from 4,188,002 that year to 3,140,095 in 2025. Unemployment ran from 31.1% in 2006 to 11.0% in 2025. Output meanwhile grew in all but three years, and GDP reached $32.6 billion in 2025.

GDP

$32.6 bn

2025

from $5.6 bn in 2000

GDP per person

$10 382

2025

from $1 338 in 2000

Real growth

2.1%

2025

from 5.4% in 2000

Inflation

6.1%

2023

from 6.1% in 2006

Unemployment

11.0%

2025

from 25.4% in 2000

Government debt

29.9%of GDP

2025

from 34.6% in 2000

Sections

Economy

How large Bosnia and Herzegovina's economy is, how fast it grows and what it is made of

Output fell 3.0% in both 2009 and 2020, and 0.8% in 2012. The best year for growth was 2021, at 7.4%, and 2025 brought 2.1%; the IMF projected 2.2% for 2026 and 3.0% for 2028 to 2031. Measured in current dollars, GDP went from $5.6 billion in 2000 to $32.6 billion in 2025, and output per person at purchasing power from $4,148 to $25,814 over the same years. Agriculture, forestry and fishing produced 9.0% of GDP in 2000 and 4.4% in 2025. Manufacturing grew from 9.3% to 12.0% over the same years, with a high of 14.4% in 2022. Industry including construction accounted for 21.5% in both 2000 and 2025, and services for 57.7% in 2025.

GDP, current US dollars

$32.6 bn2025

World Bank

Data

Year	GDP, current US dollars
2025	$32.6 bn
2024	$29.7 bn
2023	$27.6 bn
2022	$24.5 bn
2021	$23.7 bn
2020	$20.2 bn
2019	$20.5 bn
2018	$20.5 bn
2017	$18.3 bn
2016	$17.1 bn
2015	$16.4 bn
2014	$18.6 bn
2013	$18.2 bn
2012	$17.2 bn
2011	$18.6 bn
2010	$17.2 bn
2009	$17.6 bn
2008	$19.1 bn
2007	$15.8 bn
2006	$12.9 bn
2005	$11.2 bn
2004	$10.2 bn
2003	$8.5 bn
2002	$6.7 bn
2001	$5.8 bn
2000	$5.6 bn

Series World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD

Real GDP growth

2.1%2025

World Bank · IMF World Economic Outlook

Data

Year	Growth
2031 (projection)	3.0%
2030 (projection)	3.0%
2029 (projection)	3.0%
2028 (projection)	3.0%
2027 (projection)	2.7%
2026 (projection)	2.2%
2025	2.1%
2024	3.2%
2023	2.0%
2022	4.2%
2021	7.4%
2020	−3.0%
2019	2.9%
2018	3.8%
2017	3.2%
2016	3.2%
2015	4.3%
2014	1.1%
2013	2.4%
2012	−0.8%
2011	1.0%
2010	0.9%
2009	−3.0%
2008	5.4%
2007	5.9%
2006	5.4%
2005	3.9%
2004	6.3%
2003	3.9%
2002	5.0%
2001	2.4%
2000	5.4%

Series World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG · IMF World Economic Outlook NGDP_RPCH

GDP per person

$10 3822025

At market exchange ratesAt purchasing power parity

World Bank

Data

Year	GDP per person	At purchasing power
2025	$10 382	$25 814
2024	$9 398	$25 148
2023	$8 663	$23 376
2022	$7 656	$21 651
2021	$7 295	$18 287
2020	$6 130	$16 370
2019	$6 122	$16 429
2018	$6 048	$14 859
2017	$5 345	$13 627
2016	$4 929	$12 899
2015	$4 662	$11 845
2014	$5 206	$11 168
2013	$5 035	$10 808
2012	$4 694	$10 121
2011	$4 983	$9 761
2010	$4 506	$9 086
2009	$4 540	$8 698
2008	$4 842	$8 587
2007	$3 931	$7 686
2006	$3 166	$6 869
2005	$2 740	$5 956
2004	$2 453	$5 407
2003	$2 034	$4 917
2002	$1 607	$4 665
2001	$1 388	$4 307
2000	$1 338	$4 148

Series World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD

Value added, share of GDP

Manufacturing has its own band and is left out of other industry. The remainder is taxes on products less subsidies, which the national accounts add to reach GDP.

200054%9%12%9%15%

202558%12%10%16%

Services
Manufacturing
Other industry and construction
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Taxes less subsidies

World Bank

Prices and work

What prices and jobs did

Price data are patchy. The World Bank's series runs from 2006 to 2023. Prices fell in six of the years from 2009 to 2020, most steeply by 1.6% in 2016, and rose 14.0% in 2022. By the IMF's figures inflation was 4.0% in 2025, and the IMF projected 4.5% for 2026. Unemployment was 31.1% in 2006. It fell to 10.7% in 2023, and among people aged 15 to 24 it reached 65.2% in 2015. Labour force participation was 49.0% in 2025.

Inflation, consumer prices

6.1%2023

World Bank · IMF World Economic Outlook

Data

Year	Inflation
2031 (projection)	2.0%
2030 (projection)	2.0%
2029 (projection)	2.0%
2028 (projection)	2.0%
2027 (projection)	2.9%
2026 (projection)	4.5%
2023	6.1%
2022	14.0%
2021	2.0%
2020	−1.1%
2019	0.6%
2018	1.4%
2017	0.8%
2016	−1.6%
2015	−1.0%
2014	−0.9%
2013	−0.1%
2012	2.0%
2011	3.7%
2010	2.0%
2009	−0.4%
2008	7.4%
2007	1.5%
2006	6.1%

Series World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG · IMF World Economic Outlook PCPIPCH

Unemployment

11.0%2025

All agesAges 15 to 24

World Bank

Data

Year	Unemployment	Ages 15 to 24
2025	11.0%	28.2%
2024	10.7%	27.3%
2023	10.7%	27.3%
2022	12.7%	31.7%
2021	14.9%	35.8%
2020	15.9%	37.9%
2019	15.7%	35.3%
2018	18.4%	40.5%
2017	20.5%	47.9%
2016	25.4%	56.3%
2015	27.7%	65.2%
2014	27.5%	64.6%
2013	27.5%	60.9%
2012	28.0%	65.0%
2011	27.6%	59.6%
2010	27.3%	59.7%
2009	24.1%	50.1%
2008	23.4%	48.8%
2007	29.0%	60.1%
2006	31.1%	64.0%
2005	30.2%	61.6%
2004	29.3%	59.3%
2003	28.4%	57.1%
2002	27.5%	54.9%
2001	26.5%	52.6%
2000	25.4%	50.4%

Series World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS · World Bank SL.UEM.1524.ZS

Trade

How open the economy is

Imports equalled 63.5% of GDP in 2000 and exports 21.9%. The gap narrowed as exports climbed to 48.3% of GDP in 2022, and in 2025 imports stood at 54.1% and exports at 41.0%. The current account deficit was 19.2% of GDP in 2003 and 3.1% in 2025. Foreign direct investment peaked at 11.7% of GDP in 2007.

Exports and imports, share of GDP

41.0%2025

ExportsImports

World Bank

Data

Year	Exports of goods and services	Imports
2025	41.0%	54.1%
2024	40.7%	54.1%
2023	43.9%	55.7%
2022	48.3%	61.9%
2021	42.8%	53.9%
2020	34.6%	47.9%
2019	40.0%	54.5%
2018	42.0%	56.5%
2017	40.3%	56.3%
2016	35.9%	52.3%
2015	35.1%	53.2%
2014	34.0%	56.6%
2013	33.7%	54.2%
2012	32.4%	55.8%
2011	32.0%	55.8%
2010	29.7%	51.3%
2009	25.0%	48.7%
2008	26.9%	59.3%
2007	27.1%	56.5%
2006	26.3%	53.6%
2005	24.3%	60.0%
2004	22.5%	59.3%
2003	20.6%	60.0%
2002	19.1%	59.6%
2001	22.1%	64.0%
2000	21.9%	63.5%

Series World Bank NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS · World Bank NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS

Current account balance, share of GDP

−3.1%2025

World Bank

Data

Year	Current account balance
2025	−3.1%
2024	−3.5%
2023	−2.1%
2022	−4.4%
2021	−1.5%
2020	−2.8%
2019	−2.6%
2018	−3.2%
2017	−4.8%
2016	−4.7%
2015	−5.0%
2014	−7.3%
2013	−5.3%
2012	−8.6%
2011	−9.5%
2010	−6.0%
2009	−6.5%
2008	−13.8%
2007	−9.2%
2006	−7.8%
2005	−16.4%
2004	−16.1%
2003	−19.2%
2002	−17.7%
2001	−12.8%
2000	−7.1%

Series World Bank BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS

Foreign direct investment, net inflows, share of GDP

2.2%2025

World Bank

Data

Year	Foreign direct investment, net inflows
2025	2.2%
2024	3.4%
2023	4.1%
2022	3.8%
2021	3.2%
2020	2.4%
2019	2.2%
2018	2.9%
2017	2.8%
2016	1.8%
2015	2.3%
2014	2.9%
2013	1.7%
2012	2.3%
2011	2.5%
2010	2.6%
2009	0.8%
2008	5.3%
2007	11.7%
2006	6.6%
2005	5.6%
2004	8.8%
2003	4.5%
2002	4.0%
2001	2.0%
2000	2.6%

Series World Bank BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS

Public finances

What the state owes and borrows

Debt fell from 34.6% of GDP in 2000 to 18.2% in 2007, rose to 47.1% in 2014 and was 29.9% in 2025. The IMF projected it to climb again, to 41.7% by 2031, with deficits of 4.0% of GDP in 2026 and 4.6% from 2029. The budget showed surpluses from 2005 to 2007, from 2016 to 2019 and in 2022, the largest 2.1% of GDP in 2006. Tax revenue was 20.2% of GDP in 2024, against 19.9% in 2005.

General government gross debt, share of GDP

29.9%2025

IMF World Economic Outlook

Data

Year	General government gross debt
2031 (projection)	41.7%
2030 (projection)	39.4%
2029 (projection)	37.1%
2028 (projection)	34.8%
2027 (projection)	32.5%
2026 (projection)	30.8%
2025	29.9%
2024	29.4%
2023	29.0%
2022	31.2%
2021	35.8%
2020	37.2%
2019	32.8%
2018	34.5%
2017	38.6%
2016	44.9%
2015	46.4%
2014	47.1%
2013	43.8%
2012	43.6%
2011	40.9%
2010	42.2%
2009	36.4%
2008	30.3%
2007	18.2%
2006	20.6%
2005	24.9%
2004	25.5%
2003	27.6%
2002	31.1%
2001	35.1%
2000	34.6%

Series IMF World Economic Outlook GGXWDG_NGDP

Government net lending or borrowing, share of GDP

−2.4%2025

Below zero the government borrowed.

IMF World Economic Outlook

Data

Year	General government net lending or borrowing
2031 (projection)	−4.6%
2030 (projection)	−4.6%
2029 (projection)	−4.6%
2028 (projection)	−4.5%
2027 (projection)	−4.3%
2026 (projection)	−4.0%
2025	−2.4%
2024	−2.0%
2023	−1.7%
2022	0.1%
2021	−0.2%
2020	−4.5%
2019	1.4%
2018	1.6%
2017	1.8%
2016	0.3%
2015	−0.2%
2014	−2.9%
2013	−2.2%
2012	−3.8%
2011	−2.7%
2010	−4.1%
2009	−5.3%
2008	−3.8%
2007	0.2%
2006	2.1%
2005	0.7%
2004	−0.2%
2003	−0.4%
2002	−3.0%
2001	−3.4%
2000	−4.6%

Series IMF World Economic Outlook GGXCNL_NGDP

Tax revenue, share of GDP

20.2%2024

World Bank

Data

Year	Tax revenue
2024	20.2%
2023	19.1%
2022	19.1%
2021	19.1%
2020	18.8%
2019	19.8%
2018	20.1%
2017	20.0%
2016	19.7%
2015	19.7%
2014	19.8%
2013	19.8%
2012	20.5%
2011	20.3%
2010	19.7%
2009	18.9%
2008	20.3%
2007	21.4%
2006	21.7%
2005	19.9%

Series World Bank GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS

People

Who lives in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The population peaked at 4,188,002 in 2002. It fell in every later year, by as much as 1.9% in 2012. The net outflow of migrants was 68,182 people in 2009 and 6,994 in 2025. Deaths rose from 7.4 per 1,000 people in 2000 to 13.5 in 2024, while births fell from 10.2 to 7.7 per 1,000. The over-65 share was 22.9% in 2025, more than twice the 11.0% of 2000, and children under 15 were 12.8% of residents.

Population

3.14 m2025

The axis does not start at zero, so the change looks larger than it is.

World Bank

Data

Year	Population
2025	3.14 m
2024	3.16 m
2023	3.19 m
2022	3.20 m
2021	3.24 m
2020	3.30 m
2019	3.35 m
2018	3.39 m
2017	3.43 m
2016	3.47 m
2015	3.52 m
2014	3.56 m
2013	3.61 m
2012	3.67 m
2011	3.74 m
2010	3.81 m
2009	3.88 m
2008	3.95 m
2007	4.01 m
2006	4.06 m
2005	4.10 m
2004	4.14 m
2003	4.18 m
2002	4.19 m
2001	4.18 m
2000	4.16 m

Series World Bank SP.POP.TOTL

Age structure, share of the population

World Bank

Data

Year	Aged 0 to 14	15 to 64	65 and over
2025	12.8%	64.3%	22.9%
2024	13.0%	64.7%	22.2%
2023	13.2%	65.1%	21.6%
2022	13.4%	65.5%	21.1%
2021	13.5%	65.8%	20.7%
2020	13.6%	66.2%	20.2%
2019	13.7%	66.7%	19.6%
2018	13.8%	67.2%	19.0%
2017	14.0%	67.7%	18.3%
2016	14.1%	68.1%	17.8%
2015	14.3%	68.5%	17.3%
2014	14.5%	68.7%	16.8%
2013	14.8%	68.9%	16.3%
2012	15.1%	69.0%	15.9%
2011	15.4%	69.1%	15.4%
2010	15.6%	69.3%	15.1%
2009	15.7%	69.5%	14.8%
2008	15.8%	69.6%	14.6%
2007	16.1%	69.7%	14.2%
2006	16.4%	69.7%	13.9%
2005	16.9%	69.7%	13.5%
2004	17.3%	69.7%	13.0%
2003	17.8%	69.8%	12.4%
2002	18.4%	69.7%	11.9%
2001	19.1%	69.5%	11.4%
2000	19.9%	69.2%	11.0%

Series World Bank SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS · World Bank SP.POP.1564.TO.ZS · World Bank SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS

Births per woman

1.492024

World Bank

Data

Year	Births per woman
2024	1.49
2023	1.49
2022	1.48
2021	1.49
2020	1.52
2019	1.51
2018	1.50
2017	1.42
2016	1.36
2015	1.32
2014	1.26
2013	1.28
2012	1.25
2011	1.21
2010	1.26
2009	1.27
2008	1.21
2007	1.19
2006	1.18
2005	1.20
2004	1.22
2003	1.22
2002	1.23
2001	1.23
2000	1.28

Series World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN

Life expectancy at birth

78.0 years2024

World Bank

Data

Year	Life expectancy at birth
2024	78.0 years
2023	77.8 years
2022	76.8 years
2021	74.6 years
2020	76.0 years
2019	77.4 years
2018	77.9 years
2017	77.4 years
2016	77.1 years
2015	77.1 years
2014	77.1 years
2013	77.1 years
2012	77.0 years
2011	77.0 years
2010	76.8 years
2009	76.7 years
2008	76.3 years
2007	76.2 years
2006	76.0 years
2005	76.4 years
2004	76.5 years
2003	76.5 years
2002	76.0 years
2001	75.6 years
2000	75.3 years

Series World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN

Net migration

−6 9942025

People arriving less people leaving, each year. The largest net inflow in the series was 9 055 people, in 2001.

World Bank

Data

Year	Net migration
2025	−6 994
2024	−4 497
2023	−485
2022	−485
2021	−25 865
2020	−26 840
2019	−27 841
2018	−29 147
2017	−30 650
2016	−32 173
2015	−33 948
2014	−35 683
2013	−37 002
2012	−66 378
2011	−64 875
2010	−67 228
2009	−68 182
2008	−68 140
2007	−65 335
2006	−38 622
2005	−37 086
2004	−68 008
2003	−27 396
2002	−13 312
2001	9 055
2000	8 138

Series World Bank SM.POP.NETM

Living standards

Health, schooling, the internet and inequality

In 2000 only 1.1% of people used the internet; by 2024 the share was 86.1%. Health spending was 8.9% of GDP in 2023 and public spending on education 3.2% in the same year, while towns and cities went from holding 42.5% of people in 2000 to 52.7% in 2025. The latest Gini reading, for 2021, was 30.3.

Health spending, share of GDP

8.9%2023

World Bank

Data

Year	Health spending
2023	8.9%
2022	8.7%
2021	9.6%
2020	9.7%
2019	8.9%
2018	8.8%
2017	8.8%
2016	9.1%
2015	9.2%
2014	9.5%
2013	9.4%
2012	9.5%
2011	9.2%
2010	9.0%
2009	9.0%
2008	9.5%
2007	9.3%
2006	8.9%
2005	8.8%
2004	9.1%
2003	8.3%
2002	7.4%
2001	7.6%
2000	8.0%

Series World Bank SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS

Public spending on education, share of GDP

3.3%2023

World Bank

Data

Year	Public spending on education
2023	3.3%
2022	3.0%
2021	4.1%
2020	3.0%
2019	4.0%
2018	3.9%
2017	2.8%
2016	4.3%
2015	3.0%
2014	3.3%

Series World Bank SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS

Using the internet

86.1%2024

World Bank

Data

Year	Using the internet
2024	86.1%
2023	83.4%
2022	78.8%
2021	75.7%
2020	73.2%
2019	70.0%
2018	70.1%
2017	64.9%
2016	60.3%
2015	52.6%
2014	49.9%
2013	48.5%
2012	45.1%
2011	43.9%
2010	42.8%
2009	37.7%
2008	34.7%
2007	27.9%
2006	25.1%
2005	21.3%
2004	15.5%
2003	4.0%
2002	2.6%
2001	1.2%
2000	1.1%

Series World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS

Gini coefficient

30.32021

World Bank

Data

Year	Gini coefficient
2021	30.3
2015	32.9
2011	33.3
2007	34.3
2004	34.0
2001	30.0

Series World Bank SI.POV.GINI

Living in towns and cities

52.7%2025

World Bank

Data

Year	Living in towns and cities
2025	52.7%
2024	52.1%
2023	51.6%
2022	51.0%
2021	50.5%
2020	50.0%
2019	49.5%
2018	49.0%
2017	48.5%
2016	48.0%
2015	47.6%
2014	47.1%
2013	46.7%
2012	46.4%
2011	46.0%
2010	45.7%
2009	45.4%
2008	45.1%
2007	44.8%
2006	44.5%
2005	44.2%
2004	43.8%
2003	43.5%
2002	43.2%
2001	42.9%
2000	42.5%

Series World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS

Energy and environment

Energy, emissions and forest

Renewables supplied 36.6% of final energy use in 2021, up from 19.4% in 2000, and generated 39.3% of electricity, down from 48.8%. Carbon dioxide emissions per person nearly doubled, from 3.4 tonnes in 2000 to 6.5 tonnes in 2024. Forest cover was 42.7% of the land in 2023.

Electricity from renewable sources

39.3%2021

World Bank

Data

Year	Electricity from renewable sources
2021	39.3%
2020	29.5%
2019	37.0%
2018	34.7%
2017	24.4%
2016	31.9%
2015	35.6%
2014	36.8%
2013	41.5%
2012	29.9%
2011	28.7%
2010	46.9%
2009	39.8%
2008	32.8%
2007	34.0%
2006	44.0%
2005	47.6%
2004	47.0%
2003	40.0%
2002	48.9%
2001	48.7%
2000	48.8%

Series World Bank EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS

Renewable share of final energy use

36.6%2021

World Bank

Data

Year	Renewable share of final energy use
2021	36.6%
2020	37.7%
2019	36.8%
2018	35.4%
2017	18.5%
2016	23.0%
2015	25.2%
2014	23.6%
2013	19.5%
2012	15.3%
2011	14.2%
2010	19.6%
2009	17.4%
2008	14.3%
2007	14.8%
2006	18.1%
2005	19.7%
2004	20.1%
2003	20.1%
2002	21.2%
2001	20.3%
2000	19.4%

Series World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS

CO2 emissions per person

6.5 t2024

World Bank

Data

Year	CO2 emissions per person
2024	6.5 t
2023	6.5 t
2022	7.0 t
2021	7.1 t
2020	6.8 t
2019	6.8 t
2018	7.1 t
2017	7.0 t
2016	6.8 t
2015	5.9 t
2014	5.8 t
2013	6.4 t
2012	6.3 t
2011	6.8 t
2010	5.8 t
2009	5.6 t
2008	5.5 t
2007	4.9 t
2006	4.6 t
2005	4.1 t
2004	3.9 t
2003	3.6 t
2002	3.5 t
2001	3.4 t
2000	3.4 t

Series World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5

Forest cover

42.7%2023

+1.5 points since 2000, between 41.1% and 42.7% in every year

200041.2%

202342.7%

World Bank

Data

Year	Forest cover
2023	42.7%
2022	42.7%
2021	42.7%
2020	42.7%
2019	42.7%
2018	42.7%
2017	42.7%
2016	42.5%
2015	42.2%
2014	42.0%
2013	41.8%
2012	41.5%
2011	41.3%
2010	41.1%
2009	41.1%
2008	41.1%
2007	41.1%
2006	41.1%
2005	41.2%
2004	41.2%
2003	41.2%
2002	41.2%
2001	41.2%
2000	41.2%

Series World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS

Codes

Bosnia and Herzegovina's codes and memberships

The state

Status: Sovereign state
State since: 1992
Government: federal republic, parliamentary republic
Official languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
United Nations: Member

Identifiers

BAISO alpha-2

BIHISO alpha-3

070ISO numeric

Calling code: +387
Internet domain: .ba
Time zone: UTC+01:00

Memberships

2002Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe

Also a member, joining year not on record

Questions

Questions about Bosnia and Herzegovina in figures

What size is the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Its GDP was $32.6 billion in 2025 in current US dollars, or $10,382 a head, by World Bank figures. The purchasing power figure was $25,814 per person in 2025.

How fast is the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina growing?

Growth slowed from 3.2% in 2024 to 2.1% in 2025 in World Bank data, and the IMF projected 2.2% for 2026 and 2.7% for 2027.

What is inflation in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

By the IMF's figures consumer prices rose 4.0% in 2025 and 1.7% in 2024, and the IMF projected 4.5% for 2026. The World Bank recorded 14.0% in 2022 and 6.1% in 2023.

How much government debt does Bosnia and Herzegovina have?

Debt stood at 29.9% of GDP in 2025 by the IMF's estimate, and the IMF projected 30.8% for 2026 and 41.7% for 2031.

How has unemployment changed in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

It fell from 31.1% in 2006 to 11.0% in 2025, by World Bank figures. Youth unemployment, for ages 15 to 24, was 28.2% in 2025.

Is the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina falling?

Yes. The World Bank's estimate dropped from 4,188,002 in 2002 to 3,140,095 in 2025. It was also older: 22.9% of residents were 65 or over in 2025.

Record generated 2026-08-31, series 2026-09-27 · Q225 · World Bank data · Europe