Eurasian Economic Union

Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed the founding treaty at Astana on 29 May 2014. Armenia signed an accession treaty at Minsk on 10 October 2014 and Kyrgyzstan signed one at Moscow on 23 December 2014, taking effect in January and August 2015. Moldova, Cuba and Uzbekistan hold observer status, which carries no vote.

Russian. Article 110 of the treaty makes it the working language of the Union’s bodies, and requires treaties within the Union and binding Commission decisions to be adopted in Russian and translated afterwards into the official languages of the members, at the expense of the Union budget. Where a translation and the Russian text are read differently, the Russian text prevails.

Yes. Article 97 releases workers who are nationals of the member states from the requirement to obtain an employment permit, and bars a state from applying its national labour market protections to them, with national security and public order excepted. Education certificates are recognised without a procedure, except for work in the educational, legal, medical and pharmaceutical spheres.

No. The treaty establishes free movement of goods, services, capital and labour and a common tariff at the outer frontier, and stops short of a monetary union. Each member issues its own money. The Union budget is compiled in Russian roubles from assessed contributions, and Article 103 postponed the harmonisation of financial market legislation and a supranational regulator at Almaty to 2025.

By written notice through diplomatic channels to the depositary, which is the Eurasian Economic Commission. Article 118 gives the treaty effect for that state for twelve months more, and the departure automatically ends its membership of the Union and its participation in every treaty concluded within the Union. Financial obligations already incurred survive until they are settled in full.